BMW CARS SAFE

Later cars can be actively preach and prevent the driver from harm. Toyota is developing the technology. Toyota even made a demo and gives a chance to try the test drive experience with sophisticated technology. Participants enjoyed the opportunity 18th ITS World Congress in Orlando, Florida, USA (October 16 to 20). Toyota Motor Corp... (TMC) will feature a number of advanced technologies developed to improve road safety at the gathering of the world that focus on ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems).TMC will display the active safety technology such as the Pre-Collision System (PCS), Adaptive Driving Beam (ADB) and other advanced technologies currently under development. This kind of technology to actively guard against the accident, or at least minimize its impact. Also exhibited cooperative vehicle-infrastructure system that supports the rider safe. Where equipment is mounted on the roadside could preach to the vehicle if there is a danger that does not appear the driver, for example around the corner.

 The pavilion also features TMC simulator to give visitors the opportunity to experience with Vehicle Stability Control (VSC), Traction Control (TC) and the Anti-lock Brake System (ABS).TMC also brought the Pries Plug-in Hybrid and G-Station charging system. Along with that, Toyota Center and featuring Toyota Smart Home Energy Management System which is a technology that unites the home, automobile and information technology.TMC is also preparing a test-drive track to demo PCS is able to prevent the car from an accident. Also the system can warn the driver if there is a risk of collision from the front, rear and side. Toyota booth this year's theme was "Rewarded with a smile by exceeding your expectations".

TOYOTA KIJANG INNOVA

Launch of the first generation Toyota Corolla was in 1977. Where there was a doubt of its designers, regarding whether the Deer can be accepted by the Indonesian market. Doubt was due to the Mitsubishi Colt is a type of vehicle that dominate the market for bus mini car at the time. The first generation Toyota pickup with applying the concept of basic box shape. This model is often nicknamed "Deer Crocodile" because of the hood lid can be opened up to the side. Deer generation was produced until early in 1980.Cars with production code KF10 is almost shaped like a box of fruit is attached with 4 wheels and the windows are covered with a tarp on the sides of the edges. 


Deer Generation I is known to the public as Crocodile Deer as a model open-close front hood on the car's nose (bonnet) which is similar to a crocodile's mouth when the front hood is opened. Preliminary design of this vehicle is very simple. This deer has a door that seemed to simply taped to their bodies with a similar hinge door hinge door when again at the moment, the door is not equipped car keys let alone security system alarm as though the next generation that has been modified , equipped with door locks and door cranks who still like the glass on the door of the house and car doors.

               





 

TOYOTA KIJANG

Was first introduced on June 9, 1977 in a very simple form. Half-door pickup box, with side windows made of tarpaulins and plastic. Hinge door visible from the outside. Generation with KF10 code uses type 3K engine capacity of 1200 cc, such as the Corolla engines. Transmission used 4  first generation of this famous nickname Crocodile Deer, because the hood can be opened up to the side. This crocodile deer was able to win over the people of Indonesia. This is evident from the sales figures reach 26 806 units to be launched generation, second generation with KF20 code was released on the market.
Although there are many similarities with the previous generation, the vehicle with the popular name of Deer  has undergone considerable changes, such as the location of a hidden door hinges, hood that just opened at the top of has increased from 3K to 4K, with a cylinder capacity 1300 cc . The suspension was used as the previous generation, which is double wishbone with transversely mounted leaf springs for the front, and leaf springs under the axle position (under the axle).

TOYOTA

Toyota Motor Corporation was founded in September 1933 as a division of Automatic Weaving Factory Toyota cars. Division of company cars are then separated on August 27, 1937 to create the Toyota Motor Corporation as at present. Toyota's history.Departing from the textile industry, Toyota is plugging himself as one of the leading automotive manufacturers enough around the world. Brands that produce a car every 6 seconds is found to have used more because of Toyota's naming mention more comfortable than wearing a surname founder, Toyoda.

Toyota is the third largest car manufacturer in the world in unit sales and net sales. Japan's largest manufacturer produces 5.5 million cars worldwide. If calculated, this figure is equivalent to producing one unit of a car in 6 seconds.Toyota itself was founded by Sakichi Toyoda, who started from a textile industry (Marimutu Sinivasan, founder of Texmaco, a large textile entrepreneurs in Indonesia, trying to imitate it by developing branded automotive sector).Compared with other automotive industries that use the name of its founder as a trademark such as Honda, founded by Soichiro Honda, Daimler-Benz (Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz), Ford (Henry Ford), Toyoda name is not used as a brand. Since the departure from simple ideas and visions that time.

 

HOW TO CARE FOR OLDER CARS

            Cars are expensive. Consumers who cannot afford a new car often opt for older, high-mileage vehicles. These vehicles sell for a lower initial price. If not maintained, however, older high-mileage cars can cost so much in repairs that they offer very little long-term savings. On the other hand, a properly maintained high-mileage vehicle can save you money. There is no guarantee that following standard procedures will keep your car out of the mechanic's lot, but diligent maintenance certainly minimizes the risk.

             

BODY TYPE DISTINGUISHING FEATURE AUTOMOBILES

The camping site is frequently the goal of travelwilling, which want to come nature if possible close. That is also reason, why itself most plants, on which may camp and/or be gecampt, in close proximity to larger lakes, at the sea or in landschaftlich beautiful regions, as for example in mountains rules. The basic principle of camping is actually it to strip any standard which we from the city life. This implies for example that without river and flowing water it must be done or spatial distances which can be mastered are to be put back by foot or the bicycle, not with the car or other motorized progressive movement means.

 From this thought remained however not very much remaining. Which is also because of the fact that due to contamination and above all in the summer the existing forest fire danger almost everywhere in Germany forbade free Campen, if it does not happen on specially camping reason proven for it, or property in private property is and the owner gave naturally its agreement. And there nowadays almost all camping plants of community baths and - kitchens possess, remain a small part of our highly civilized life always existing also there. There are even humans, who live permanently on camping sites.

THE AUTOMOTIVE HISTORY

The history of the automobile began already 100 years before our time calculation, when a machine was developed, which contained the basic elements of the today's automobile engine. Creator of this simple and at the same time ingenious invention was the Greek Heron of Alexandria. It made a cylinder, into which it filled water and led a piston inside, which it held owing to a counterweight in the Schwebe from above. Under this construction it ignited fire, which heated the water up. Due to steam resulting from it the piston moved up and after steam cooled down again, the piston went again downward. On this principle also steam engine and combustion engine are based. Unfortunately became at that time, as so often uses inventions, which should not win wars and facilitate work on fields in the history of mankind.

Thus this innovative development of sinking and it disappeared drew nearly 2000 years in the country, until the Englishman Richard Trevithick for the first time developed 1801 a steam-claimant car, which may be valid by definition also as „automobile”. 1839 developed then Robert Anderson one the first electric vehicle, 1860 finished Etienne Lenoir the first gas engine ready for operation, before Nikolaus August Otto submitted 1876 a patent for the four-stroke engine so called. And on 3 July 1886 then the development of cars began with combustion engines, which are comparable to today's time with those, when Karl Benz placed the first automobile of this kind completely. Due to the high (and also today still valid) requirements at cars, which range and speed concern, the petrol engine became generally accepted as only logical consequence, which became completely fair these requirements and still becomes today

TECHNOLOGY DESIGN ABOUT THE CAR

Automobiles developed in the last 100 years rapidly. And not only regarding achievement, acceleration and maximum speed. Also the Design crossed several (if also not always very happy running) phases. In the center of the last century one attached importance rather to practical things: The vehicle should offer much reservoir, be to some extent fast and be able also as much as possible to place for the family ready to place. In the course of the time the demands, which were made against the automobile, became more extensive but around a multiple. One must compare simply only the Volkswagen beetle and the Smart. The Volkswagen beetle does not offer excessively much place, but it fulfills (e) the basic functions of an automobile completely.

In the Smart however one cannot even transport a beverage box, if a front seat passenger sits beside it. But one finds a parking lot problem-free in the city. Which progress on technical level was made, lets represent completely simply on the basis the speed records. 1956 were ever measured, set up the highest, on country reached speed of 339 km/h by wanting helmet heart on 110 HP a strong motorcycle. Already 1997 created it already Andy Green to break through the sound barrier and to accelerate its Trust SSC (with turbines of a jet equipped rocket car) on 1229 km/h. But also different teams try since then to shake to these Bestmarke. 

THE FASCINATION OF MOTORSPORT

           Automobiles were constantly continued to develop since the first prototypes. Even during the devastating wars in the first half 20. Century. New brake systems were developed, it gave new drive systems and not least the engine were continuously improved. Also in the future it will give progress. In „I, Robot” for example one could already get a small foretaste of it, which will expect us and/or can. In the film Will Smith drives a prototype, which AUDI sketched particularly for the film. It concerns on the AUDI a Le Mans quattro and/or AUDI R8 bases itself AUDI RSQ, that, instead of on wheels, on balls to move itself can and thus the possibility has of being able to be moved in all directions. But that is only one of the many functions of the car nicely which can be regarded. But you look yourselves simply the film on… Due to the ever more scarcely becoming raw materials, in the special oil, alternative fuels must be found.

       

STIR HISTORY

Already short time after the invention of the automobile by Karl Benz in the year 1886 developed also the engine and/or autohaven. Such meetings and later also complete running series were at that time the same aim, as today: The different manufacturers wanted to present themselves and show the public that their cars fastest and at the same time most reliable were. In addition those helped running to win new realizations with which the development was facilitated by series vehicles, whereby again the quality of the automobiles increased rapidly. First running were remote trips from city to city. First of their kind started 1887 in Paris and had Versailles as a goal. The distance amounted to 32 km. 1895, 8 years later, took place first organized running, which Paris had as starting point, to Bordeaux led back and again.

The winner of this 1st Grand Prix was called Émile Levassor. This running was a milestone for the petrol engines, which reserved the first 8 seats before the steam-claimant cars. Its first disaster experienced the engine haven to 24. May 1903 with the passage Paris - Madrid, when it came to a heavy collision, with which 5 running drivers and 3 spectator mortally had an accident. That was the end of the city city remote trips. After this running safety precautions were intensified, which regulation intensified and which on round courses moves venues. On 22 June 1903 Ardennen running so called delivered, which, as the name already says, by which Ardennen led, became 6 times to drive on and was long 85 km. Winner was times Frenchman: Pierre de Crawhez. 

 

 

Only in the course of the time genuine racing courses, how e.g. 4 km long Indianapolis Speedway were built, on which 1911 found the first 500-Meilen running Indianapolis instead of. Also the development of the racing cars preceded. The classifications of the racing cars were at first with very easily, easily and heavily. With the time then running series developed like the route car championships, the Nacar Series, up to the formula series.

The history of the automobile began already 100 years before our time calculation, when a machine was developed, which contained the basic elements of the today's automobile engine. Creator of this simple and at the same time ingenious invention was the Greek Heron of Alexandria. It made a cylinder, into which it filled water and led a piston inside, which it held owing to a counterweight in the Schwebe from above. Under this construction it ignited fire, which heated the water up. Due to steam resulting from it the piston moved up and after steam cooled down again, the piston went again downward. On this principle also steam engine and combustion engine are based. Unfortunately became at that time, as so often uses inventions, which should not win wars and facilitate work on fields in the history of mankind.

Thus this innovative development of sinking and it disappeared drew nearly 2000 years in the country, until the Englishman Richard Trevithick for the first time developed 1801 a steam-claimant car, which may be valid by definition also as „automobile”. 1839 developed then Robert Anderson one the first electric vehicle, 1860 finished Etienne Lenoir the first gas engine ready for operation, before Nikolaus August Otto submitted 1876 a patent for the four-stroke engine so called. And on 3 July 1886 then the development of cars began with combustion engines, which are comparable to today's time with those, when Karl Benz placed the first automobile of this kind completely.

Due to the high (and also today still valid) requirements at cars, which range and speed concern, the petrol engine became generally accepted as only logical consequence, which became completely fair these requirements and still becomes today.

In the year 1886 finished Karl Benz and God-dear Daimler (by Wilhelm Maybach) as it were synchronously your prototypes. The vehicle of Daimler was a Postkutsche with inserted engine and without horses. With the vehicle of Benz however it concerned a tricycle and looked themselves like a riksha without roof and pedals. Benz was it also, which manufactured automobiles in series starting from 1894. Shortly thereafter, in the years 1888 and 1889 Siegfried Marcus let itself its first car build. It concerned thereby an automobile which was propelled by a gasoline four-stroke engine and which essential components of a modern car aufwieß. At the same time work also Albert F. muttons on the completion of his car. Likewise 1888 it finished then a car with zweizylindrigem engine.

Shortly before incipient crack of the turn of the century it created Camille Jenatzy with its car „La jamais Contente” as first humans with a vehicle operated over the wheels to drive faster than 100 km/h. The researchers and inventor knew thus, which potential is still in the cars. And the people recognized the large use of these vehicles. In the USA 1900 altogether 4,192 automobiles were finished placed by 75 manufacturers. Among them were 1,688 steam automobiles, 1,575 electric vehicles and 929 vehicles with petrol engine.

 Mercedes served simplex at that time practically as template for almost all other models, because its essential structure was used also by the competition. There were reasons for it many: The simplex was stable, that internal area could be arranged relatively generous and not least looked it also well. Even a cash hit at its time, Ford model A from the year 1928, reminds still very strongly at Mercedes the simplex

TIRE HISTORY

It began 1888, when John Boyd Dunlop for its son tinkered pneumatic tricycle tires. Heut thinks everyone with the word tire immediately of a pneumatic tire. This avails itself of the excellent elasticity of the air, which is available everywhere on the world free of charge. It provides for comfortable driving, small roll reconditions, good adhesion and a small noise level.

 It seems, as if always no better tire is conceivably than Luftreifen.Der successful veterinary surgeon from Belfast, 1840 in the Scottish Dreghorn born, into the private life had withdrawn themselves and found time for son Jonny on (10), that over advancing with its new tricycle deplored itself. Dunlop stuck a hose from a thin rubber plate on a wood disk, covered it with a line strip, as valve a Schnuller and inflated this so-called pneumatics with a football pump.

To the comparison it let the small front wheel of the tricycle and the air-springy roll over the yard. On half distance the front wheel remained being. The wood disk with the tire however rolled against the gate and snapped back. For the new rear wheels of the tricycle Dunlop rims from elm wood bent and drew the hose up. For the tire cover it used Segeltuch.Am 28 February 1888 was finished the new tricycle. A memorable day for father and son.

 Jonny tested the vehicle until late in night already on the next day drove it its vollgummibereiften schoolmates superior of it. To entitled pride the satisfaction came that Jonny with this first set of pneumatic tires put more than 60 miles back without breakdown. John Boyd Dunlop built further prototypes of his pneumatics also for two-wheelers. He ordered, cut the hoses with a manufacturer and stuck her together. On 23 July it submitted its experiences to the patent, which became effective it under NR10.607 on 31 October given and on 7 December. Completely in oblivion was guessed/advised 1845 R.W to that time. 

 

Thomson a pneumatic tire had developed and carriages with it had equipped. Because this did not withstand however the loads and 1850 stable full rubber tires arose, Thomson discharged of it. Its patent expired. Later confronted with Thomsons patent, Dunlop wrote years: " I do not say, I am the first inventor of the pneumatic tire. At that time I believed to be it, for the simple reason, because so a simple thing was not used. Fortunately for the entire wheel world I zurückerfunden" Thomsons pneumatic tire.

If the quantity of the water no more standing on the road cannot be canalized of the drainage grooves of the tire. # DOT number Named-giving American " Department OF Transportation" requires an indication to the age of the tire. The DOT number on the tire flank - for example " 327" designates the 32. Week 1997. Starting from the year 2000 the building week and the year of construction of a tire are represented in four digits within the DOT number.

That means, those last four numbers of the DOT number give building week and year of construction of the tire to on for example " 1601" designates the 16. Week 2001. # EMT " Extended Mobility Technology" - innovative technology of Goodyear for tires with Notlaufeigenschaften. The Eagle EMT can bridge even in the case of loss still distances up to 80 kilometers at speeds up to 80 km/h. # classes of data signaling rates Also speed index (SI) maximum speed mentioned, for which a type of tire is approved. The individual categories: Q to 160 km/h R to 170 km/h S to 180 km/h T to 190 km/h H to 210 km/h V to 240 km/h W to 270 km/h Y to 300 km/h ZR over 240 km/h. # tire size The designations appropriate on the flanks contain Größenbezeichnungen apart from data over manufacture date and type of tire also: 175/70 R 13 S means a section width of 175 mm and height width relationship of 0,7: 1. R stands for radial building method, 13 is the rim diameter in tariff and S the speed symbol for maximally 180 km/h. # rolling friction From the deformation (drumming work) of the tire rolling friction results. Design objective can it be attained as small a rolling friction and thus a smaller gasoline consumption as possible. # temperatures The friction value of india rubber is temperature-dependent. So that a summer tire works optimally, an operating temperature is ideal from 50 to maximally 90 degrees Celsius. If the tire overheats for instance by to small air pressure, its structure dissolves. # load-carrying capacity A two digit number on the tire flank, which so-called " Load Index" , information gives over the load-carrying capacity, which varies depending upon vehicle weight with same tire size - for example for small cars, middle class sedans or transporters.

DISC BRAKES

Ever more price-conscious autoowners buy autoparts and accessories in the Internet. Whether for a maintenance work brake linings, brake disks or shock absorbers are needed, or starters, steering gears or wishbones to be exchanged must - the purchase of parts in the Web enjoys of large popularity. Reasons for the strong rise of on-line orders for KFZ spare parts are among other things the favourable prices in the comparison to the stationary trade as well as clearly the variety.

Before this background autoparts of Toppreis are one of the prominent approach places for KFZ parts in the Internet. If it concerns autoparts, we do not only offer to our customers best prices and mark parts of prominent manufacturers in Top quality - also a maximum availability, a favorable dispatch a supply of the ordered parts fast of orders and are located in our focus. Completely directly whether a starter, a brake cylinder, a Zündleitung or new glow plugs are needed: The purchase of autoparts is matter of confidence. 

On the one hand the ordered parts must fit for the respective vehicle perfectly, on the other hand expect the customers one time near supply of their order. By the intelligent search functions in autoparts the Toppreis shop find simply, fast and clear buyers to the suitable construction units for their car. The immediate on-line inquiry of the availability in our camp, the direct payment by PayPal and co-ordinated processes with our logistics partners makes the supply possible of ordered autoparts in shortest time. We look forward to your order and are to you for all questions approximately around your autopartial purchase at any time gladly at the disposal!

The disc brake was introduced to the USA before and in Europe after the center of the last century into mass production. It can work leaving the braking action by overheating (Fading) particularly well against. At the front axle she avoids inclined pulling. The removal of brake lining deaf improves and the assembly is clearly facilitated. Also the braking force differences with pre and reverse movement, habituation-needy with some drum brakes, are fit. On a disk usually from grey cast iron, Kugelgrafitguss, connected with the wheel, steel or from carbon fiber materials pressure more rarely at braking surfaces from the inside and outside.

Since the pliers mechanism is connected with the wheel suspension, the brake disk and thus the wheel are braked. With drive axles the arrangement of the disc brake became completely rare inside at the final drive. One with the mounting connected brake pliers is called firmly brake calipers (pictures above). Here pistons affect from both sides the disk/surfaces. If it is adjustable, then one speaks in the meantime only of a fist saddle (picture left). Older designs are designated also than Schwimmsattel. Here or two pistons influence exclusive from the inside.

The manipulation is usually made with the emergency brake by means of push pull cables and lever (linkage) at the brakes, with the hydraulic foot brake by means of brake fluid printing on one or more pistons and cylinders and with the pneumatic brake by external diaphragm or (again more rarely) piston cylinders. Both with compressed air and with hydraulics one is from the inside possible around the brake disk seizing brake pliers, in order to increase the Reibfläche.

With the disc brake there is no self reinforcement. Therefore e.g. the pistons are in the diameter larger and thus the contact pressures higher. Warmth and dust can be better dissipated by the open building method. Interior/outer ventilation of the brake disk (fig. 1 and 3) increases this effect. To nearly all motorcycles and passenger car foremost and usually also the disc brake seems to rear axles. Only smaller, lighter and economical small vehicles have in the back drum brakes. The spreading of pneumatically actuated disc brakes increases with buses and truck strongly. Even the modern and the fast rail-mounted vehicles avail themselves of these

TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Transmission systems, in automotive, is a system that became conductor of energy from the engine to the differential and ace. By rotating axles, the wheels can rotate and move the car.Transmission is needed because the combustion engine is commonly used in cars is an internal combustion engine that produces rotation (rotation) between 600 to 6000 rpm. Meanwhile, the wheel rotates at a speed of rotation between 0 to 2500 rpm.

Today, there are two transmission systems are common, namely a manual transmission and automatic transmission. There are also transmission systems which are a combination of both systems, but this is the last new developments can be found on high-tech cars and only certain brands. Manual transmission is one type of transmission is widely used by grounds maintenance easier. Usually on the transmission of the manual consists of 3 to 7 speed.

 Semi-automatic transmission is a transmission that can make us feel the system can be manual or automatic transmission, when we're using a manual transmission system we do not need the clutch because the clutch pedal transmission system is already organized automatically. Automatic transmission consists of three main parts, namely: Torque converter, Planetary gear units, and hydraulic control unit. Torque converter serves as an automatic clutch and the engine can enlarge moment. While the torque converter consists of Pump impeller, turbine runner, and the stator. The stator is located between the impeller and turbine. Torque converter is filled with ATF (Automatic Transmition Fluid). The moment the machine is moved by the fluid flow.

 

Transmission systems, in automotive, is a system that works for the conversion of torque and speed (revolutions) of the engine torque and speed to be different to be forwarded to the final drive. This conversion is changing the high rotational speed becomes lower, but more powerful

Torsi a machine generally occurs in about half of the allowable limit of engine speed, while the vehicles require high torque at start moving. In addition, vehicles that run on roads that climb requires a higher torque than the car that runs on a flat road. Vehicles that run on low speed requires a higher torque than high speed. With the operating conditions are different then the transmission system is needed to power requirements can be met by the machine.

Manual transmission is automotive transmission system that requires its own driver to push / pull like the motorcycle or the clutch as the car and swap the acceleration gear manually. Acceleration of the teeth arranged in the gear box / gerbox for several speeds, typically ranging from 3 gear acceleration forward up to six advanced gear acceleration combined with a reverse gear (R).

 Acceleration of the teeth that is used depends on the speed of the vehicle at low speed or climbing gear used and so that the acceleration of a higher speed, and vice versa if you reduce the speed of acceleration gear down, braking can be helped with a reduction gear acceleration.